ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018. MethodsA package of integrated interventions were employed for echinococcosis control in 22 counties (districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including screening of human echinococcosis, treatment of echinococcosis patients, deworming of domestic dogs and monitoring of infections, surveillance of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, health education. The detection of human echinococcosis, seroprevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody in children at ages of 6 to 12 years, the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in domestic dogs, prevalence of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge were investigated and compared during the period between 2011 and 2018. Results The detection of human echinococcosis appeared a decline tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years during the period from 2011 to 2018 (χ2trend = 82.22, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of human echinococcosis decreased from 0.31% in 2011 to 0.15% in 2018. The seroprevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody appeared a decline tendency in children at ages of 6 to 12 years over years (χ2trend = 439.64, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody decreased from 6.12% in 2011 to 0.67% in 2018. The Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate appeared a decline tendency in domestic dogs over years (χ2trend = 260.33, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody decreased from 7.11% in 2011 to 0.75% in 2018. The prevalence of bovine and sheep echinococcosis reduced from 3.26% and 5.08% in 2011 to 1.35% and 0.76% in 2018, and Echinococcus predominantly parasitized in bovine (92.00%) and sheep (93.94%) livers. A total of 63 stool samples were collected from red fox, wolf and badger in Xiji and Haiyuan counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2013 and 2014, with no Echinococcus coproantigen-positives detected, and 107 domestic cats and 3 domestic dogs were dissected in these two counties, with no Echinococcus found. A total of 6 046 wild mice were dissected in Xiji County, Yuanzhou District and Haiyuan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2019, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis was 0.31%. The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge appeared an increasing tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years from 2011 to 2018 (χ2trend = 3 367.97, P < 0.01), and the awareness increased from 21.83% in 2011 to 72.24% in 2018. Conclusions The integrated echinococcosis control program achieves a remarkable effect in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the transmission of echinococcosis has been preliminarily controlled. However, the echinococcosis transmission risk remains in few regions, and the integrated echinococcosis control program remains to be reinforced.
ABSTRACT
Objective To learn the prevalence and trends of Brucella disease in Ningxia, in order to provide scientific basis for effective control of the disease. Methods Data of Brucella cases reported through city network from 2004 to 2009 in Yinchuan city, Shizuishan city, Wuzhong city, Guyuan city and Zhongwei city of Ningxia were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. The data included demographic characteristics, treatment conditions and medical history so on related information. Analytical indicators include reported incidence;with patients' gender, age, regional distribution, urban and rural distribution;become chronic and associated factors;distribution of the cases reporting unit and so on. Results From 2004 to 2009, Ningxia had reported 349 cases of Brucellosis, no deaths, the annual incidence rates reported were 0.017/10 million, 0.543/10 million, 0.151/101 (295/54);The proportion of 34- to 40-year-old age group was higher than other age groups(27.5%, 96/349);Occupational distribution of patients was mainly farmers and herdsmen(70.2% ,245/349), in regional distribution of the patients, the highest percentage was Wuzhong city(61.9%,216/349), followed by Yinchuan city(22.9%,80/349);The proportion of patients in rural areas(97.4% ,340/349) was higher than urban(2.6% ,9/349);the proportion of patients converted to chronic was 11.2% (39/349). With age, the chance of patients converted to chronic was in a decreasing trend(odds ratio was 0.966);cases reported by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention accounted for 74.8%(261/349), by hospital accounted for 25.2%(88/349). Conclusions The reported incidence of Brucellosis in Ningxia is in a rapid upward trend year by year, the patients is mainly young men, the rate of converted to chronic is higher and the ability of hospital in founding and reporting of the cases is weaker.Comprehensive measures should be taken to increase funding, strengthen monitoring, and continuously improve the level of awareness and diagnosis of medical personnel for further strengthen the prevention and control of Brucellosis.